Insecticidal activity and changes in midgut histology of the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in response to seed extract of Annona squamosa Linn.

The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura F., is one of the most devastating, cosmopolitan polyphagous pests affecting major crops that significantly impact agricultural productivity. present study aimed to evaluate toxicological effect seed extract medicinal plant, Annona squamosa L. and histological on midgut under laboratory conditions. crude methanolic A. was tested against third instar larvae S. at five different concentrations viz., 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% 2.5 % by leaf dip bioassay method. exhibited larval mortality 96.67%, 83.37 %,70%, 53.33% 40 %, 2.0%, 1.0% respectively.The results indicated response dose-dependent. dose 0.5% showed lowest (40.00%), while maximum (96.67%). Hence they were subjected analysis. anatomical sectioning treated with concentration disruption in peritrophic membrane striated border epithelial cells. an irregular epithelium high vacuolization cytoplasmic methanol has ability cause changes region, thereby digestion nutrient absorption larvae, which will lead a debilitating development larvae. Based be potential biopesticide for managing litura.